Industrial+Revoluition+in+US

Industrial Revolution in US, Cold War 1945-1962- Rolaika, Alissa, Bibi M.

__**The Cold War**__ The Cold War was a conflict between the communist nations led by the Soviet Union and the demorcratic nations led by the US. It was fought from 1945 to 1950. It was named the Cold War because neither nation was actually using weapons to fight.


 * __The Cold War(Beginning)__**
 * Tensions between the United States an the Soviet Union began to escalate between 1945 and 1950.
 * Unresolved problems escalating from World War II also fueld the Cold War.
 * Many western nations began to think that there were Soviet spies interfering in their business.
 * Communism also had a vital role in the reason the Cold War began.

__**Significant Events During The Cold War**__
 * February 4-11 1945 the cold war begins at the Yalta conference.
 * In March 1946 Winston Churchill delivered his "iron curtain" speech which divided Europr into two seperate areas.
 * In June 1947 the Marshall plan was announced and it provided aid to stop the Soviet spread of communism.
 * On June 24 1948 the Berln wall was built and it cut off the western supply to resources. This led to the Berlin airlift.
 * Mao Zedong a communist dictator takes control over China,
 * In May of 1955 the Warsaw Pact was formed.
 * In October of 1962 the Cuban Missile Crisis

__**Vocabulary**__ **Containment ** -A policy of checking the expansion or influence of a hostile power or ideology, as by the creation of strategic alliances or support of client states in areas of conflict or unrest. **Iron Curtain ** -the "boundary" that divided Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe from Western European nations not under Soviet domination.
 * Arms Race- **A competition between nations to expand their stock pile of weapons and armaments in order to gain a military superiority over other nations.
 * Berlin Airlift **- The supply of West Berlin by American and British planes during a Soviet blockade in 1948-1949.
 * Cold War **-The state of hostility, without actual warfare, that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union from the end of World War II until the collapse of the Soviet Union.

__**Documents **__


 * Document 1 **

… Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear

any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival

and the success of liberty.…

Finally, to those nations who would make themselves our adversary [rival], we offer not a

pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark

powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental

self-destruction.

We dare not tempt them with weakness. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond

doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.

But neither can two great and powerful groups of nations take comfort from our present

course—both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by

the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of

terror that stays the hand of mankind’s final war.

So let us begin anew—remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and

sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear

to negotiate.

Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which

divide us.…

Source: President John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961

 **__Question__**

According to President John F. Kennedy, what is **//one//** action the United States should take in dealing with its Cold War rivals?


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Document 2 __**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">… Ronald Reagan entered office [the presidency] as the most emphatically anti-Soviet American

chief executive since Harry Truman, who presided over the beginning of the Cold War. The

Reagan administration was committed to stepping up the competition with the Soviet Union in

the areas where the rivalry was sharpest. It orchestrated the most expensive peacetime military

buildup in American history and began the Strategic Defense Initiative, which was designed to

free the world from the nuclear stalemate in which each side’s society was hostage to the

weapons of the other. But the Reagan years have demonstrated the limits to both policies. They

have made it clear that the United States, like the Soviet Union, will have to settle for military

equilibrium in the great power rivalry.…

Source: Bialer and Mandelbaum, The Global Rivals, Alfred A. Knopf, 1988


 * __<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Question 2 __**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">According to Bialer and Mandelbaum, what was **//one//** action taken by the Reagan administration that demonstrated an anti-Soviet foreign policy?

__**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Document 3. **__



__**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Question 3 **__

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Based on this document, what is **//one//** reason the United States and the Soviet Union needed to address the issue of nuclear war?

Bibliography http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war www.coldwar.org

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Industrial Revolution __ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The Industrial Revolution began its origins in England. A century passed before America joined this Revolution. Credit has been given to Samuel Slater for starting the industrial revolution in America. He opened the first industrial mill in the United Sates in 1790, taking a lot of ideas from the British model. Slater's mill became legendary, because it increased the speed of cotton production. This was just the beginning of the American Industrial Revolution.

//**__Events during the Industrial Revolution__**// - Because of the Industrial Revolution, many of the earth's natural resources were used a lot. Because of that water, the air and the ground got polluted. - It was a conflict about which electric motor was better for electricity distribution. - Nikola Tesla created the AC current, which was much easier to create so it was distributed throughout the country.. -During this time banks were mostly used by the wealthy. Because of that banks became very corrupted. - The Progressive Party demanded more regulations and sanctions. - With new inventions such as the telegraph and many improvements made to newspapers, people were able to communicate with the world better. - It is the combination of a capitalistic economy as well as a welfare being provided to employ ees. It made companies pay higher pay, provide housing and even outlawed child labor.
 * Pollution
 * War of the Currents
 * Banking
 * Communication Revolution
 * Welfare Capitalism

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Industrial Changes __
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">In 1794, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, which separated the cotton seed from its fiber much faster.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Francis C. Lowell started the textile industry in New England by putting the spinning and weaving process in one factory.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">In 1846 Elias Howe created the sewing machine

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">T__ransportation__
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">River transportation was made efficient through the creation of the first steamboat, the //Clermont//, by Robert Fulton.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">This was made possible by James Watt’s invention of the first reliable stream engine.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Another advance in the industrial revolution was railroads. The first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869 at Promontory, Utah.
 * <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Ford's creation of the assembly line in 1927 made manufacturing more efficient

__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Social Changes __ <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- People began to move from rural areas to cities for job opportunities. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- This lead to overpopulated areas where the poor lived and bad living conditions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;">The Progressive Movement <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- A political change in America happened as the Industrial Revolution progressed. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">- It was a group of people who spoke up against harsh working conditions, living conditions and other social injustices. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; line-height: 24px;">- It was a system ran by wealthy me who did not want any reform to happen. <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">- It allowed to the wealthy to get more rich and the poor to get more poor.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Urbanization
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Social classes soon had more distinguishing between the classes. During this time, there was a gap between the rich and the poor
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Laissez Fair System

__//**How did the Industrial Revloution impact America?**//__

__ Document 1 __

How does this picture show America's way of life has changed?

__Document 2__ Why was there an increase in popluation because of the Industrial Revloution?

__Document 3__ //**"**// You went down one step even from the foul area into the cellar in which a family of human beings lived. It was very dark inside. The window-panes many of them were broken and stuffed with rags….the smell was so fetid as almost to knock the two men down….they began to penetrate the thick darkness of the place, and to see three or four little children rolling on the damp, nay wet brick floor, through which the stagnant, filthy moisture of the street oozed up."

- Elizabeth Gaskell, Mary Barton (1848)

What does this show about how the working class lived?

__//Document 4//__

The following is an excerpt from the testimony of textile worker Joseph Hebergam to the Sadler Committee.

Sadler: What is the nature of your illness? Hebergam: I have damaged lungs. My leg muscles do not function properly and will not support the weight of my bones. Sadler: A doctor has told you that you will die within the year, is that correct? Hebergam: I have been so told. Sadler: Did he tell you the cause of your illness? Hebergam: He told me that it was caused by dust in the factories and from overwork and insufficient diet. Sadler: To what was your brother's death attributed? Hebergam: He was cut by a machine and died of infection

How did factory conditions impact the health of some workers?


 * //__Answers__//**
 * This showed that because of the Industrial Revoultion people got used to higher standard of life. They became more matrialistic and could be able to have more of a life than work and church.
 * There was an increase in population because with massive factories in the north and south, there was a surplus of food , clothing and other products.
 * The working class lived in harsh conditions and often lived in slums and tenements. Many got diseases because of how unsanitary it would be.
 * Factory condtions got many workers sick because iit was unsanitary and any did not get medical treatment when workeres got hurt.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Cotton Gin- <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">a machine that separates the seeds from raw cotton fibers
 * __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Vocabulary - The Industrial Revolution __**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Steam Engine- <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">1760's; James Watt; engine powered by steam that could pump water from mines 3X as quickly as previous engines

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Industrial Revolution- the shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Labor Union- an organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Laissez-Fair Economics- allowing industry to be free of state or government intervention

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Urbanization- <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Capitalism- an economic system based on private ownership of capital

Industrial Revolution
 * //__Bibliography__//**

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www.ushistory.org/us/22a.asp

http://americanhistory.about.com/od/industrialrevolution