Reconstruction

__RECONSTRUCTION __ **By: Haimraj, Freddy, Venessa, and Natasha**
 * During reconstruction, Northerners repaired roads, planted crops on farms, helped rebuild buildings, and basically helped to get the South back in order.
 * The Ku Klux Klan was formed. This was a group which burned, whipped, and murdered Blacks and carpetbaggers.
 * Slave states made laws called the Black Codes. These were to keep Black people from voting, serving on juries, getting jobs, owning land, or going to school.
 * The federal government set up the Freedmen's Bureaus to work against the Black Codes. They gave food, clothing, medical care, and set up schools for the Blacks.
 * The 13th Amendment was passed in December 1865. It said that slavery was unconstitutional.
 * The 14th Amendment was passed. It said all Black were citizens of the United States and all laws against Blacks were unconstitutional. Congress also divided the South into five military districts.
 * The 15th Amendment was passed. It gave Blacks over the age of 21 the right to vote.

__Vocabulary Words for the Reconstruction __ The time period after the civil war (1865-1877) when the south was rebuilt. 1865–77, in U.S. history, the period of readjustment following the Civil War. At the end of the civil war the defeated South was a ruined land. The physical destruction wrought by the invading Union forces was enormous, and the old social and economic order founded on slavery had collapsed completely, with nothing to replace it. The 11 Confederate states somehow had to be restored to their positions in the Union and provided with loyal governments, and the role of the emancipated slaves in Southern society had to be defined.
 * Reconstruction: **

Andrew Johnson's plan to restore the confederate states to the union. Johnson believed that 'restoration' (as opposed to the term 'reconstruction') meant rebuilding the nation, restoring loyalty to the union, and abolishing slavery.
 * Restoration Plan: **

** Percent Plan: ** Abraham Lincoln's plan to restore the Confederate states to the Union. W hich specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860 ) swore an outh of allegiance to the Union. Voters could then elect delegates to draft revised state constitutions and establish new state governments. All southerners except for high-ranking Confederate army officers and government officials would be granted a full pardon.

The Radical Republican's plan to restore the Confederate states to the Union. In the summer of 1864, the Radical Republicans passed the Wade Davis Bill to counter Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan. The bill stated that a southern state could rejoin the Union only if // 50 // percent of its registered voters swore an “ironclad oath” of allegiance to the United States. The bill also established safeguards for black civil liberties but did not give blacks the right to vote.
 * Wade Davis Bill: **

Former slaves that were freed after the civil war. The president and Congress disagreed not only about the best way to readmit southern states to the Union but also about the best way to redistribute southern land. Lincoln, for his part, authorized several of his wartime generals to resettle former slaves on confiscated lands. General William Tecumseh Sherman’s Special order number.15 set aside land in South Carolina and islands off the coast of Georgia for roughly 40, 000 former slaves. Congress, meanwhile, created the Freedmen Bureau in early 1865 to distribute food and supplies, establish schools, and redistribute additional confiscated land to former slaves and poor whites.
 * Freedmen: **

**__ Documents __** __ Question: __ What were the pros and cons of the civil war?


 * Document 1) **
 * A) ** What is the concept of this image?


 * Document 2) **
 * B) ** What is the image saying about the Freedman's Bureau?


 * Document 3) **
 * Lacking capital, and with little to offer but their labor, thousands of impoverished former slaves slipped into the status of sharecropper farmers, as did many landless whites. Luckless sharecroppers gradually sank into a morass of virtual peonage and remained there for generations. Formerly slaves to masters, countless blacks as well as poorer whites in effect became slaves to the soil and to their creditors. Yet the dethroned planter aristocracy resented even this pitiful concession to freedom. Sharecropping was the "wrong policy," said one planter. "It makes the laborer too independent; he becomes a partner, and has a right to be consulted. ||
 * Thomas A. Bailey, __The American Pageant__ ||
 * C) ** Why did the former slaves go into sharecropping instead of looking for jobs?

**__ Sources __**
 * Document 4 **
 * D)** What was the result of the 14th amendment?
 * Sparknotes.com
 * Google Images