American+Imperialism

=Historical Context : The United States of America would not have been able to survive without adopting imperialist movements and policies. By the mid 1800s self-sustaining governments no longer had independent futures. With World Empires controlling loans, investments, and international commerce, on every nation depended on another for something. =
 * __ American Imperialism __**

//__ Key Facts __// === .One of the largest catalyst on the changing of the isolationist foreign policy was Alfred T. Mahan and his book, The Influence Of Sea Upon Power 1660 - 1783.In this book, Mahan laid out the strategy of controlling the seas and using ships to become an influential world power. ===

=== .President Theodore Roosevelt advocated the Big Stick Policy, the name given to his ideology that the United States should "speak softly but carry a big stick." He believed that the United States needed to become the police of the Caribbean, stepping into the affairs of other countries when it was necessary in order to maintain the well being of North and South America. ===

=== .The ideas of Social Darwinism and Anglo-Saxonism were gaining popularity, As Americans believed that they had the right to take over because they were superior and had responsibilities to colonize so that they could survive as the fittest. ===

=== .When Cuba went to war with Spain for their independence, again the United States intervened, and from this Spanish - American war, they acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines, and naval rights in Cuba as outlined in the Platt Amendment 0f 1903. === = =

VOCABULARY: = __Sphere of Influence__ : a region in which the mother country claims exclusive investment or trading privileges = = = = __Panama Canal__ : Panama was once owned by its neighboring country Columbia, but eventually broke free after America helped create the rebellion. Built from 1904 to 1914, the Americans decided to build the Panama Canal for faster trade routes from the Atlantic to the Pacific. = = =
 * __Roosevelt Corollary__ : Roosevelt asserted that European nations should not intervene in countries to the south of the US, and under certain conditions, United States military intervention would be justified. Extended, or changed, the Monroe Doctrine. **


 * __Monroe Doctrine__: A statement of foreign policy issued by President James Monroe in 1823, declaring that the United States would not tolerate intervention by European nations in the affairs of nations in the Americas. Monroe also promised that the United States would not interfere with European colonies already established or with governments in Europe. **

__** Manifest Destiny **__** : Was the belief in the 19th century that the United States was to take over the entire continent of North America and have control of the power. **

__** Open Door Policy : **__** The idea that all countries should have the rights **

//__Document Based Questions__// : 1) What is Uncle Sam trying to accomplish?

2)

__Which of the following statements can be assumed by the map shown above?__ a. The Open Door Policy in China b. Britain had full control of the Panama Canal Zone c. The Panama Canal was a major interest of the United States. d. Puerto Rico was under the sphere of influence.

3) What is one pro and con depicted by the cartoon above?

1)
===="The guns that thundered off Manila and Santiago left us echoes of glory, but they also left us a legacy of duty. If we drove out a medieval tyranny only to make room for savage anarchy we had better not have begun the task at all. It is worse than idle to say that we have no duty to perform, and can leave to their fates the islands we have conquered. Such a course would be the course of infamy. It would be followed at once by utter chaos in the wretched islands themselves. Some stronger manlier power would have to step in and do the work, and we would have shown ourselves weaklings, unable to carry to successful completion the labors that great and high-spirited nations are eager to undertake." - Theodore Roosevelt, 1899 ====

 "Is there any man, is there any woman, let me say any child here that does not know that the seed of war in the modern world is industrial and commercial rivalry" - Woodrow Wilson, 1919

Interpret the quote

According to Woodrow Wilson what is the bad affect of industrial and commercial rivalry?

3) ===="Organized force alone enables the quiet and the weak to go about their business and to sleep securely in their beds, safe from the violent without or within.” ====

― Alfred Thayer Mahan
Interpret the quote:

What is the main idea of what Alfred Thayer Mahan is trying to say ? Why?

__ US HISTORY FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 1980-2005 __ Historical Context : The end of the Cold War in the late 1980s and early 1990s, one of the most momentous developments in modern world history, brought a change in a number of areas of American life. The impact was greatest on foreign policy, as the United States sought a new role in international affairs. But the disappearance of a unifying external threat also led to serious disagreements about domestic policy and contributed to a break up in social and cultural life. 
 * =  ||= VOCABULARY WORDS ||
 * = ** Reaganomics- ** ||< (a portmanteau of Reagan and economics attributed to Paul Harvey) refers to the economic policies promoted by the U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s. ||
 * = **Iran–Contra affair** ||< : a political scandal in the United States that came to light in November 1986. During the Reagan administration, senior U.S. figures, including President Ronald Reagan, agreed to facilitate the sale of arms to Iran, the subject of an arms embargo. At least some U.S. officials also hoped that the arms sales would secure the release of hostages and allow U.S. intelligence agencies to fund the Nicaraguan contras. ||
 * Impeachment: || (in the United States) is an expressed power of the legislature that allows for formal charges against a civil officer of government for crimes committed in office. The actual trial on those charges, and subsequent removal of an official on conviction on those charges, is separate from the act of impeachment itself. ||
 * North American Free Trade Agreement : ||< Agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico and the United States in December, 1992 and which took effect on January 1, 1994 to eliminate the barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross border movement of goods and services between the countries ||
 * The Persian Gulf War || (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Storm(17 January 1991 – 28 February 1991) commonly referred to as simply the Gulf War, was a war waged by a UN-authorized coalition force from 34 nations led by the United States, against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. ||
 * September 11, 2001 || were a series of four suicide attacks that were committed in the United on September 11, 2001, coordinated to strike the areas of New York City and Washington D.C. On that Tuesday morning, 19 terrorist from the Islamist militant group al - Qaeda hijacked four passenger jets. The hijackers intentionally piloted two of those planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York City; both towers collapsed within two hours. ||

KEY FACTS:


 * The four pillars of Reagan's economic policy were to:
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">Reduce government spending,
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">Reduce income and capital gains marginal tax rates,
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">Reduce government regulation
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">Control the money supply to reduce inflation.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">Bill Clinton was impeached: He was impeached by the House of Representatives on two charges, one off perjury and one of obstruction of justice on December 19, 1998; perjury charge and a charge of abuse of power failed in the House. The charges arose from the Lewinsky scandal and the Paula Jones lawsuit. The trial proceedings were largely partisan, with no Democratic Senators voting for conviction and only five Democratic Representatives voting to impeach. In all, 55 senators voted not guilty, and 45 voted guilty on the perjury charge. The senate also acquitted on the charge of obstruction, with 50 votes cast as not guilty, and 50 votes as guilty.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">On November 19, 2001 the President signed into law the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA) which among other things established our agency, the Transportation Security Administration, within the Department of Transportation. This act was established in order to protect another tragedy and no more terrorist attack on plan or any travel issue.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">The No Child Left Behind Act was signed into law in 2001, its goal is to raise academic standards, close achievement gaps, encourage more school accountability, and offer more choices to families and students. The law confirms that as a nation, we will not accept a public school system that educates only a portion of its children. NCLB recognizes what truly makes a difference in providing a quality education. It calls for a highly qualified teacher in the core subjects in every classroom; the use of proven, research-based instructional methods; and timely information and options for parents. Schools that underperform are held accountable, providing their students with free tutoring or transfer to a better performing public school.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">On 1981 President [|Ronald Reagan] escalated the Cold War with heavy new military spending and research in new weapons; and new naval strategic.This was in order to be ready in case any other power would try to use their arms forces during this time of war.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 130%;">The USA Patriot Act was passed on Sept.11. 2001 in order for providing law enforcement to officials to prevent any terrorist attacks.

__<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 30px;">DBQ's __

(Fill in the blank) This cartoon displays the impeachment of president _.

2)

What does this cartoon imply of state government by Reagan as apposed to the Federal government?

3)

Which president and significant event does this cartoon reflect ?

(4)

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: minion pro,hoefler text,baskerville old face,garamond,times new roman,serif; line-height: 24px;">According to the political cartoon map, what dangers are depicted for the United States?

(5)



Based on the political cartoon aboved, what effect has NAFTA had on U.S. workers and workers across the nation?

===<span style="color: #0f6c6c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">1) “On my orders, the United States military has begun strikes against al-Qaeda terrorist training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan . . . We are supported by the collective will of the world. More than two weeks ago, I gave Taliban leaders a series of clear and specific demands: Close terrorist training camps. Hand over leaders of the al-Qaeda network, and return all foreign nationals, including American citizens unjustly detained in our country. None of these demands were met. And now, the Taliban will pay a price. By destroying camps and disrupting communications, we will make it more difficult for the terror network to train new recruits and coordinate their evil plans . . . Our military action is also designed to clear the way for sustained, comprehensive and relentless operations to drive them out and bring them to justice. At the same time, the oppressed people of Afghanistan will know the generosity of America and our allies. As we strike military targets, we will also drop food, medicine and supplies to the starving and suffering men and women and children of Afghanistan.” === ===<span style="color: #0f6c6c; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">- Statement on October 7, 2001 by United States President George W. Bush after the start of U.S. and British military strikes on targets in Afghanistan. ===

=<span style="color: #ff00ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">2) <span style="color: #e93fcc; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;"> "These United States are confronted with an economic affliction of great proportions. We suffer from the longest and one of the worst sustained inflations in our national history. It distorts our economic decisions, penalizes thrift, and crushes the struggling young and the fixed-income elderly alike... Those who do work are denied a fair return for their labor by a tax system which penalizes successful achievement and keeps us from maintaining full productivity... In this present crisis government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem...From time to time we've been tempted to believe that society has become too complex to be managed by self-rule, that government by an elite group is superior to government for, by, and of the people. Well, if no one among us is capable of governing himself, then who among us has the capacity to govern someone else?...It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the States or to the people. All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States; the States created the Federal Government.It is no coincidence that our present troubles parallel and are proportionate to the intervention and intrusion in our lives that result from unnecessary and excessive growth of government. It is time for us to realize that we're too great a nation to limit ourselves to small dreams...In the days ahead I will propose removing the roadblocks that have slowed our economy and reduced productivity...It is time to reawaken this industrial giant, to get government back within its means, and to lighten our punitive tax burden. And these will be our first priorities, and on these principles there will be no compromise." = =<span style="color: #e93fcc; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">- President Ronal Reagan, Inaugural Address, January 20, 1980 = = = = = = = =<span style="color: #e01f1f; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Name two criticisms of the federal government mentioned by Reagan in his Inaugural Address ? = = = = = <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">3 ) "The United States, together with the United Nations, exhausted every means at our disposal to bring this crisis to a peaceful end. However, Saddam clearly felt that by stalling and threatening and defying the United Nations, he could weaken the forces arrayed against him. While the world waited, Saddam Hussein met every overture of peace with open contempt. While the world prayed for peace, Saddam prepared for war... Saddam was warned over and over again to comply with the will of the United Nations: Leave Kuwait, or be driven out. Saddam has arrogantly rejected all warnings. Instead, he tried to make this a dispute between Iraq and the United States of America. Well, he failed. Tonight, 28 nations—countries from 5 continents, Europe and Asia, Africa, and the Arab League—have forces in the Gulf area standing shoulder to shoulder against Saddam Hussein. These countries had hoped the use of force could be avoided. Regrettably, we now believe that only force will make him leave... This is an historic moment. We have in this past year made great progress in ending the long era of conflict and cold war. We have before us the opportunity to forge for ourselves and for future generations a new world order—a world where the rule of law, not the law of the jungle, governs the conduct of nations. When we are successful—and we will be—we have a real chance at this new world order, an order in which a credible United Nations can use its peacekeeping role to fulfill the promise and vision of the U.N.'s founders." <span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">-President George H. Bush, Address to the Nation, January 16 1990,

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 25px;">Based on the reading and the events of the Gulf War, explain President Bush's concept of the " new world order ". How does it increase the significance of the United Nations?

<span style="color: #808000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">4) "Tonight's vote is a defining moment for our nation. At a time when many of our people are hurting from the strains of this tough global economy, we chose to compete, not to retreat; to lead a new world economy; to lead as America has done so often in the past. The debate over NAFTA has been contentious. Men and women of goodwill raised strong arguments for and against this agreement. But every participant in this debate wanted the same things -- more jobs, more security, more opportunity for every American... NAFTA is a big step, but just the first step in our effort to expand trade and spark an economic revival here and around the world. One legitimate point that the opponents of NAFTA made is that we will do even better in the global economy if we have a training system and a retraining system and a job placement system for our workers worthy of the challenges they face. We simply must guarantee our workers the training and education they need to compete in the global marketplace. And I call on the coalition that passed NAFTA to help me early next year present to the Congress and pass a world class reemployment system that will give our working people the security of knowing that they'll be able always to get the training they need as economic conditions change. We've faced choices before like the one we faced tonight -- whether to turn inward or turn outward. After World War I the United States turned inward and built walls of protection around our economy. The result was a depression and ultimately another world war. After the second world war, we made a very different choice. We turned outward. We built a system of expanded trade and collective security... [and] in the process created the great American middle class. Tonight with Cold War over, our nation is facing that choice again. And tonight I am proud to say, we have not flinched. Tonight the leaders of both parties found common ground in supporting the common good. We voted for the future tonight. We once again showed our strength. We once again showed our self-confidence even in this difficult time. Our people are winners. And I believe we showed tonight we are ready together to compete and win and to shape the world of the 21st century". <span style="color: #808000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px; line-height: normal;">- President Bill Clinton statement at news Conference, November 17, 1993

<span style="color: #279627; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 15px;">Why would President Clinton consider increased trading and education as a necessary follow - up to the passage of the NAFTA?

<span style="background-color: #cacbf1; color: #d01414; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 30px;">Bibliography

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<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 30px;">* Multiple choice practice questions on these websites :

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<span style="color: #0f6c6c; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; font-size: 25px;">By Stephen, Shayan and Marjorie